Android project ideas for students työt

...specifically designed for movie theatre ticket sales, integrated with an Android app. I'm looking for an experienced developer who can bring this vision to life. Key Features: - Cloud-Based POS: The system should be user-friendly and accessible from any location. - Inventory Management: The POS should allow for easy tracking and management of ticket inventory. - Sales Reporting: I need a comprehensive sales reporting system that provides insights on movie ticket sales. - Customer Management: The system should be able to store basic customer details for future marketing and analysis. The Ticket Sales: - The ticket sales will be done physically at the theatre; hence, the system should be optimized for this environment. - The A...

I'm looking for an experienced developer to create an inventory management app for both iOS and Android. Key Features: - Data collection - Real-time inventory updates - Barcode scanning - Sales and purchase tracking Ideal Skills: - Strong experience in app development, particularly for iOS and Android - Expertise in inventory management systems - Familiarity with integrating barcode scanning and real-time inventory updates - Previous experience in creating apps with data collection and sales/purchase tracking functionality Please provide examples of your previous work, especially if you have developed similar apps. A good understanding of UI/UX design principles will be highly valued.

I'm seeking a skilled Flutter developer who can promptly create a cross-platform mobile application for both iOS and Android. While I've not defined the exact functionalities, the app should be fluent, user-friendly, and engaging as per the Flutter norms. Key Responsibilities: - Establish a versatile, cross-platform mobile application from scratch. - Ability to anticipate user interaction, including potential areas of friction and improvement opportunities. Ideal Skills: - Strong proficiency in Flutter. - Prior experience in crafting cross-platform mobile applications. - Capacity to work in a fast-paced environment, adhering to tight deadlines. - Backend - Frontend - MEAN STACK Please note that while I've not specified all the required f...

I am looking for a Flutter developer to create a modern and minimalistic Ludo game exclusively for the Android platform. The game should support both online and local multiplayer functionality. Key Requirements: - Development of a Ludo game application on Flutter for Android. - Inclusion of modern and minimalistic design elements. - Integration of both online and local multiplayer support. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in Flutter for Android app development. - Experience in creating mobile games, particularly Ludo. - A good understanding of multiplayer game development. - Strong design sensibilities for modern and minimalistic styles. - Ability to work on both front-end and back-end aspects of the app.

I am looking for an advertising expert based in India to help me with my cross-platform advertising strategy. Key Requirements: - Experience with Facebook, Google AdWords, and Instagram advertising. - Proven success in driving brand awareness. - Sound understanding of the professional audience, particularly in the age group of 25-40. Your tasks will include: - Crafting a comprehensive advertising campaign that spans across Facebook, Google AdWords, and Instagram. - Focusing on strategies that are effective in increasing brand awareness. - Tailoring the content to appeal to professionals in the 25-40 age bracket. I would like to see your previous work in similar projects and hear your ideas on how we can maximize the impact of this campaign.

I am looking for a professional logo designer who has a keen eye for creating engaging and dynamic logos. You need to be a creative thinker who can bring fresh new ideas to the table as I do not have a specific concept in mind. Key Responsibilities: - Creating an innovative and captivating logo design - Being open to feedback and willing to make adjustments as needed Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience in logo design - Creative thinking and open-mindedness - Strong communication skills to understand design requirements and feedback I can't wait to see what unique ideas you bring!

As a client with ...Python programmer who can take charge of the frontend aspect of my web development project. At the core of this project are the following requirements: - Full proficiency in Python as the main programming language for the task - Demonstrated experience in frontend web development using Python - Familiarity with the best practices in Python programming - Capacity to effectively communicate, provide regular updates and accept feedback The missing response for the third question won't be an issue — I am more interested in a Python programmer who can bring their own unique ideas and solutions. You are encouraged to showcase your creative problem-solving skills. Apply if you have the necessary skills and experience for...

I want a website it should like this, that it has right away the products it has featured deals on top and it stays on top even when you ...it has featured deals on top and it stays on top even when you go into a item but still want I want it should look a little different I don't ppl should see that I copied them so needs to be a little different have some nice ideas, I don't just white and blue I want also it should be nice designed My website is already up but I want to redesign with a great theme Also I want to add the credit cards in the side like he has and when someone goes into a item on mobile view the credit cards should show in the bottom like Please only Shopify expert apply for this post I am hiring asap My budget is 7000- 12000 INR

I need a proficient software developer to build an offline multiple-choice question (MCQ) exam software compatible with Windows operating system. The primary purpose of this software is to conduct exams for learning institutions. Key Features Required: - The software should have a score tracking feature that effectively keeps track of students' exam progress and results. Ideal Candidate: The perfect match for this job should have substantial experience in software development, particularly in developing educational tools. An extensive understanding of the Windows operating system is crucial. Proficiency in programming languages like Java, Python or C# would be beneficial. Familiarity with creating scoring algorithms and a good grasp of user-interface design are ...

Seeking a talented designer with a firm grasp on creating engaging non-fiction book designs. The ideal candidate should have: - Proficienc...with a firm grasp on creating engaging non-fiction book designs. The ideal candidate should have: - Proficiency in designing informative illustrations. - A strong understanding of minimalist design principles. - I want it designed in Microsoft word The project involves developing illustrations that will enhance the clarity and overall appeal of the book. Experience with illustrating scenarios and ideas in a minimalist, informative manner is crucial for this role. Personal style, creativity, and originality are highly valued for this project. Your ability to work on a tight schedule will greatly influence success. ...

I'm seeking an experienced social media expert in Switzerland to help my students establish a strong presence on Facebook and Instagram. The ideal candidate should understand the unique needs of the modeling industry and be able to tailor social media strategies accordingly. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a comprehensive plan for increasing brand awareness - Engage and interact with our audience in a meaningful way - Drive traffic to our website through social media Skills and Experience: - Proven track record of successfully managing Facebook and Instagram accounts - Familiarity with the fashion and modeling industry is a plus - Proficient in personal branding on social media - Capable of creating engaging content - Skilled in optimizing profiles and hashtags Your...

I am in need of a capable freelancer who is skilled and experienced in creating SAT practice tests. Here are the specific details: - The difficulty level of the SAT practice tests should be medium. - Each SAT practice paper should include the following sections: Mathe...following sections: Mathematics, Reading and Writing, and Essay. - I am requiring 10 complete SAT papers to be reconstructed. Given the nature of the work, a detailed understanding of SAT format and contents is absolutely necessary. A background in educational fields, especially test preparation, would be a big asset. Good command of English for the Reading and Writing section is also a must. Your work will aid in providing valuable practice resources for SAT students. If person fits criteria this wi...

I'm looking for a talented graphic designer to create a range of vintage-themed graphic design elements for my admission-related documents and online presence, specifically: - **Flyer Design**: - A visual representation of my educational services in a vintage style. - **Social Media Graphics**: - A series of Instagram posts with the same aesthetic. **Target Audience:** The main aim is to grab the attention of potential students, their parents, and educational institutions. Ideal candidates for this project should have experience in: - Creating vintage-themed designs. - Designing for educational services or institutions. - Developing engaging social media content.

...knowledge in AI, JAVA, XCode, React Native, Android Studio, and other related software. Our goal is to mentor high school students to help them create a dummy app. We are committed to: - Enhancing the students' critical thinking and analytical skills in the span of a 2-3 month project. - Teaching them how to create and utilize a dummy app. We are looking for a mentor who can: - Implement problem-solving strategies using AI. - Instruct students on various software tools like JAVA, XCode, React Native, Android Studio, etc. Hence, candidates with experience in both educational and practical aspects of the above-mentioned software, along with a strong dedication to education and mentorship, would be an ideal fit. We embrace expert...

Need developer who has knowledge of android apps to help me in a small android app related task

I need a talented interior designer who has a knack for modern styles to revamp my home. This includes the living room, kitchen and bedroom. Creativity and originality are crucial; I'm looking for someone to bring fresh, innovative ideas to the table. Experience And Skills: - Understanding of modern interior design elements. - Previous work on residential homes. - Ability to turn visions into reality. - A portfolio showcasing previous design work. The aim of this project is to transform these rooms into efficient, aesthetically pleasing spaces. If you understand the subtleties of modern design and can apply them to residential surroundings, then this project is for you.

I am looking for an experienced Android app developer to create a cleaning service app. Main Purpose: - The main purpose of the app is to provide a platform for users to book cleaning services. Specific Features/Functionalities: - The client has a clear vision for the app and has specific features in mind that they would like to include. Timeline: - The client has a tight timeline and requires the app to be developed within 10-15 days. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in Android app development - Ability to implement specific features and functionalities as per the client's vision - Strong problem-solving skills to meet the tight timeline If you are an Android app developer with the necessary skills and experience, please submit...

...innovative Fintech project, I'm in need of talented individuals with precision in both web and Android application development. Specific tasks for the web developer include: - Crafting a beautifully designed and functional website layout - Building a powerful and reliable website backend - Incorporating an effective user authentication system In addition to this, the Android application developer should be capable of: - Implementing a user registration and login system - Delivering push notifications - Installing in-app purchase functionality The main purpose of this project is to create an efficient Fintech application that provides loans and offers other valuable financial services. The ideal candidate(s) should possess substantial experien...

I'm seeking a talented designer to create a fresh, modern, and minimalistic logo for my tech brand. With the target audience being the general public, the logo should be able to appeal to people from all walks of life. Key Requirements: - A modern and minimalistic design that reflects our tech brand - Should be clear, easily recognizable, and memorable - Can resonate with the general public, irrespective of age or profession Ideal Skills/Experience: - Proven experience in creating logos for tech brands - A strong portfolio with modern and minimalistic design examples - Understanding the principles of logo design for broad appeal Looking forward to seeing your creative and unique ideas!

I am looking for a Flutter developer to create a comprehensive PDF package (not APP). - The package should include functionality for: 1.) PDF encryption and decryption 2.) PDF compression 3.) Splitting PDF into multiple PDFs 4.) Merging multiple PDFs 5.) Watermarking PDF 6.) PDF validity and protection info 7.) Add page no. to the PDF 8.) Change PDF page size IMPORTANT: Do not use any underlying technology which requires AGPL-3.0 license or any other license which asks for fees for commercial use. Platform Support: - The Flutter package should be able to work seamlessly across both iOS and Android platforms. Exhaustive documentation will be required for the package. Example flutter package (for reference only): Payments will be done ...

...device. The project involves schematic, pcb, firmware development, as well as algorithm creation, testing and monitoring. Additionally, the device should be able to interact with an Android app for display and control purposes. Key features: - Bluetooth connectivity: The device should be able to connect to other devices wirelessly. - Real-time monitoring: The device should provide continuous data so that users can monitor their blood pressure in real-time. The Android app should include: control device and viewing data with scheduling. Regulatory Standards: - CE (Conformité Européenne): The device must adhere to European standards for health, safety, and environmental protection. - ISO (International Organization for Standardiza...

I'm building the brand for a new business that offers affordable tax services to freelancers. This is a VERY EASY project. All we need on the logo are two elements: 1. The business' name: Goodtax 2. An "icon" IMPORTANT: > The business name is Goodtax - that's capital G and the rest lower case. > Business name is one word. > We don NOT want a slogan in the logo. > The preferred font is Inter, but feel free to suggest a similar font. > The icon we don't know what, but looking for ideas. Attached is an example of how simple we want the logo (don't submit a copy of these). Here's some more info about the business to use as inspiration: --- Get help from a tax accountant who understands. Good tax? Seriou...

I need some easy work in Android I need some android apps using java I need easy work at low budget but for long term I need work from Pakistan freelancer

I have a website which allows customers to order food online but need to make an app from it for Android Google Play and Apple IOS Hybrid seems to be the most cost effective choice NO RIP OFF MERCHANTS PLEASE I CAN SMELL YOU FROM ANDROMEDA GALAXY NO MIDDLEMEN SCAMMERS I WORK DIRECTLY WITH DEVELOPERS ONLY DO NOT BID ON MY JOBS IF I HAVE REFUSED YOU BEFORE No time wasters Serious skilled workers only a meeting call will be absolutely essential to go over the details of the job. Note i have multiple apps needing done but all follow the exact same website structure only the name /address and icon will change basic details

I'm searching for an experienced web developer. These features are needed TutorMitra: ------------- => Admin - login - Subject Crud - Approve subjects added by students - Student DRUD - Tutore CRUD - Admin can approve tutore - Jobs CRUD - RazorPay payment integration. - Coin credit on payment - Need to track all credit/debit of coin - Can change the price of a coin => Tutore 4 - Become tutore, once admin approve then only can login into the system. 6 - Tutore login, forget password etc 6 - Can review the jobs list and filter based on subject(phone number no need to display) 4 - Tutore want to see phone number of student job then debit decided coins. 6 - Purchase coins 7- Whenever a job is posted, all concerned tutors should get a notification on email. => Stu...

We are looking for a tester to cooperate with, who will ensure the quality of our online games in the countries of Africa. The person will be responsible for testing online casino games and reporting encountered errors. The projects will be short and may occur irregularly. We will settle accounts for individual projects, but we value collaboration with one committed person. The tester should be available to complete a project within 1-2 days. The equipment required to perform the tests includes a smartphone with Android and iOS, as well as access to the internet.

...understanding of nursing concepts to create impactful presentations for classroom teaching. This project caters to three key areas in nursing education: 1. Anatomy and Physiology 2. Medical and Surgical Nursing 3. Pediatric Nursing More than 50 slides are expected, promptly breaking down complex ideas into digestible, easy-to-understand content. Essential skills for this task include: - Strong familiarity with nursing education - Proficient in creating engaging and pedagogical PowerPoint presentations - Ability to efficiently convert educational content into visually appealing slides - Excellent command over English language A successful completion of this project could lead to more work in the future. Let's ensure that our nursing students...

I'm looking to develop an Android application for Online Lottery. The app will be a platform for users to purchase lottery tickets and redeem their prizes. Key Features: - Ticket Purchasing: Users should be able to easily buy their lottery tickets through the app. - Prize Redemption: Once the lottery results are out, winners should be able to easily redeem their prizes through the application. Payment options: - In-app purchase: It should support in-app ticket purchases to smoothen the transaction process. - Digital Wallet: Users should be able to pay using their digital wallets. This will require integrating reliable payment gateways for a smooth and secure transaction process. Ideal candidates for this project should have: - Experience i...

...straightforward area for potential users to register and account and log in. - Course listing and search: The major purpose of the site revolves around an engaging, user-friendly course listing and search functionality. - Video lectures and tutorials: Video content is king these days, and my site definitely needs the ability to host and play tutorial videos. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS: I don't have a specific design in mind and need your professional input and creativity on this matter. Please help me come up with a design that is not only eye-catching but also user-friendly. IDEAL SKILLS: - Proven website development experience - Familiarity with educational websites or e-Learning platforms - Strong UX/UI skills - Design experience and creativity I am looking forward to your ...

...an experienced Android app developer to create a small e-commerce application. This will be a mobile platform that facilitates online buying and selling. Key Features: The Online Lottery Application aims to provide users with a convenient platform to participate in the lottery games through their mobile devices. The project seeks to leverage mobile technology to offer a seamless and accessible experience for purchasing lottery tickets, checking results, and managing accounts. Ideal Skills: - Prior experience in the development of e-commerce apps. - Proficiency in integrating mobile payment systems. - Strong understanding of Android development best practices. If you're a developer with a proven track record of creating user-friendly and secure e-comm...

I'm seeking an interior designer with the skills and ...with the skills and experience to create a Bohemian-style design for a /laboratory and living room. The ideal candidate will be able to deliver a design that is both aesthetically pleasing and cost-effective. Key Requirements: - Design for a small space - under 500 sq ft - Bohemian style - Earth tones color scheme Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in small space design - Creative flair for Bohemian design - Ability to work within a budget - Strong understanding of working with earth tones This project will require close collaboration and communication on design choices and adherence to a strict budget. I'm looking for a designer who can bring fresh, innovative ideas...

I'm currently seeking an expert in Solidworks adept at working with 3D printing technology for a prototyping project. The task involves designing simple geometric shapes which will be used as prototypes. Expertise in 3D printing and prototyping is crucial, as well as experience in designing simple geometric models. Skills & Experience Required: - Proficient with Solidworks software - Experience designing for 3D printing - Strong understanding and experience in prototyping simple geometrical shapes - Solid understanding of the physics involved in 3D printing design Your task will be to transform my ideas into 3D printable designs. Looking forward to receiving bids from seasoned professionals perceptive to detail and quality.

...primary goals of this project are to boost online visibility and increase organic traffic. I need a hand with some SEO for my site, It’s built on , and as an examiner for Aviation Radio Licenses in Canada, I’m trying to ramp up my online presence for a few specialized services. SEO Needs: - Improve organic search visibility by optimizing all website pages. - Address any additional aspects that could enhance the site's SEO. My Services Exam: Offers on-demand scheduling for Aviation Radio License exams, available both virtually and in-person. Reprint: I am the sole private provider in Canada for reprinting lost or misplaced licenses, a unique service only otherwise offered by the ministry. Convert: Specifically designed for...

I am in need of a ...narrative game similar to "Choices: Stories You Play". This project requires the development of the game on both iOS and Android platforms. Key Requirements: - Expertise in cross-platform game development, specifically for iOS and Android. - Proficiency in designing and developing narrative-driven games. - Clear understanding of the tastes and preferences of an adult target audience. Responsibilities: - Design and develop the game in a manner that captivates the adult target audience. - Ensure the game is compatible and runs smoothly on both iOS and Android platforms. The ideal freelancer for this project is innovative, with a knack for creating engaging and thrilling narrative games. A proven trac...

I'm seeking an experienced game developer with a deep understanding of Cocos2d, Unity to join our team to create an engaging Android game with some special features. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in Cocos2d game development - Experience with Android game development - Ability to implement multiplayer mode and level editor functionalities - Knowledge of IO Game - Experience of multiplayer IO Game

I'm in need of a dedicated professional to manage the promotion and ratings of our EdTech courses on Udemy. Key Responsibilities: - Weekly promotion of our courses - Focusing on blogs and educational websites for course promotion - Handling the full spectrum of ratings and reviews, including: - Collecting new reviews from students - Responding to existing reviews - Improving ratings of courses with low scores Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in promotions and ratings management on online educational platforms, specifically Udemy - Proficient in engaging and promoting through blogs and educational websites - Adept at managing and improving course ratings through student reviews - Excellent communication skills to handle reviews effectively and professionally.

I am looking for a talented developer to build a social networking app for iOS and Android. The app needs to be user-friendly for all age groups. Key features should include: - Messaging & chat functionality. The ideal builder should have experience developing social networking apps, especially ones with messaging components. Proven UX/UI design skills and familiarity with the latest software is vital to this project. The goal is to develop a product that can compete on the market not only regarding functionality but aesthetics as well.

I'm looking for an experienced cloud engineer who can resolve a server downtime issue I'm experiencing with my OVH Public Cloud. Key Responsibilities: - Analyze and troubleshoot the root cause downtime - Implement a robust solution to prevent future occurrences - Ensure that during downtime, website and database access functionality is restored promptly Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven expertise in OVH Public Cloud management - Strong troubleshooting and problem-solving skills - Understanding of website and database access best practices - Excellent communication and teamwork abilities I'm open to suggestions on how we can best approach and solve this issue, so if you have ideas, I'd love to hear them.

I am looking to create a traditional style loft or bonus room above our existing attic with a convenient access staircase. The intended purpose of the room is as an entertainment area. Although no specific amenities were selected, ideas, suggestions and recommendations are welcome to make it a lavish space for entertainment. Ideally, freelancers should have experience in structural remodeling and interior design, with a keen eye for traditional aesthetics. Skills in carpentry, interior design and construction are definitely a plus.

I'm looking for a proficient Java developer to assist with mobile application development for Android. While the specific features of the app haven't been finalized yet, a deep understanding of the Android ecosystem is crucial. Your tasks in this project will majorly focus on: - Constructing the back-end structure - Building app functionality - Ensuring smooth user interface flows Ideal candidate should have: - A strong background in Java - Experience with Android app development - An understanding of user-centric design - Flexibility to adapt their approach as the project moves forward. This project is excellent for a developer keen to expand their portfolio with a robust Android application. Please ...

...working with it where possible... unless its deemed a rebuild is cost effective. The opencart system we use has been added and modified over time, hence it is not possible to simply upgrade to a newer opencart version. The business we operate in is parts for coal and wood fires, this is a business that is reducing overtime, due to environment issues, however, the stove market has recently had a mini boom due to gas prices being high with a record number of new stoves being sold over the last 3 years (we do not sell new stoves, just the parts for these stoves). We expect to see at least another 5 years from this business. We have been told by our current developers we should look at a google shopping program, however, we are concerned the margins are not in the products...

...in need of a logo for my upcoming online store, "The Pink Spot". The concept is centered around selling women's clothing and accessories. Name: The pink spot We will sell women's clothes and accessories, we want it to be a pink background with black letters (if something else in letters is suitable, we can see it) to definitely have the check mark in it, like google map spot. We want the color baby pink Key Points: - Color Scheme: The logo should feature a pink background with black letters. - Style: I'm looking for an elegant and refined font, something that speaks to the target audience of women. - Design: It should include an icon. The icon should be relevant to the brand and the products we are offering. Ideal Skills: - Experienced in logo ...

Looking for an expert game developer to create an engaging Android-based Ludo game with the following features: Essential Features: - Online Multiplayer: The game should allow players to compete online against others. - In-game Chat: Players need to have the ability to communicate while playing. - Leaderboard: A system to rank players based on their performance should be integrated. - 2 and 4 Multiple Players: Ability for two or four players to play simultaneously is a must. Game Modes: - Need to incorporate three different playing modes - Classic, Quick, and Challenge Mode. Ideal candidates should have: - Extensive experience in Android game development. - Knowledge of integrating online multiplayer and chat functionality. - Ability to incorporate lead...

I need a creative freelancer to design three distinct email formats for use in Klaviyo marketing campaigns directed at our mailing list. The designs should incorporate the following visual elements: - Our company logo - Product images - Call-to-action buttons - Blog posts These designs should be cohesive with our existing website and app design but we're also open to and excited about unique and refreshing ideas. Designers who are familiar with Klaviyo's email setup, have a keen eye for detail, and experience in creating aesthetic, conversion-oriented email templates would be ideal for this job.

I am seeking an experienced IPTV app developer to rebrand an application similar to smarters pro. It's crucial for the rebranded app to support Android platform. the app must be working by activation codes instead of username and password with panel management dns if possible

I'm in need of a proficient editor to proofread my less than 50,000 words, non-fiction book. Besides the grammar, punctuation and spelling checks, you'll ensure clarity and coherency of ideas. Your second task will be to format my book so it's suitable for Amazon publishing. Ideal Skills: -Extensive proofreading and editing experience, particularly within the non-fiction genre -Proficiency with Amazon's book formatting requirements -Ability to work efficiently and meet projected deadlines.

I'm searching for a talented designer who excels in creating realistic NFT artwork. With your sharp eye for detail and immaculate design capabilities, you will help evolve my ideas into digital masterpieces. My project does not require any animations. Key Responsibilities: - Create realistic NFT artwork from concept to completion - Collaborate on design ideas Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in designing NFT artwork - Expertise in creating realistic style art - Excellent creative and collaborative skills - Ability to take feedback and make necessary changes This is a fantastic opportunity to let your creativity shine and to showcase your skills in the burgeoning field of NFTs. I look forward to witnessing your innovative endeavors.

...product photoshoot in a studio setting. I’m seeking someone who has a good eye for detail and can provide creative input for a beginner/student style. Key Requirements: - Photography Style: The photoshoot will be in a studio and is intended to be beginner/student style. This means the images should be simple, easy to understand, and suitable for someone just starting out in their photography journey. - Technical Skills: I'm looking for a photographer with experience in product photography, ideally within a studio environment. It's essential that you have a good understanding of lighting, composition, and color. - Creative Input: While I have a basic idea of what I'm looking for, I'm open to suggestions and innovative ide...

I'm in need a researcher on civil law . India or Pakistan graduates or law students will work.

...app on my Android TV device, prior to my primary application (Xibo) starting. The requirements are as follows: - The device in question is a physical HK1 RBOX H8 BigdroidOS 2.0.1 - The operating system used is Android TV 12 - The script must start the OpenVPN app and automatically connect to a designated VPN network - The script have to be executed before the start of the main app Xibo - Strong familiarity with Android TV and SDKs will be beneficial in this task I've tried some apps solution like Macrodroid or Tasker but I had no success. Ideal skills for this role include linux programming, app scripting, and a strong understanding of VPNs. Previous experience dealing with Android TV is essential. Considering the technical nature of the pro...