Dr. S.

The refractory nature of Pseudomonas infections to chemotherapy reflects its ability to rapidly acquire resistance and adapt to hostile environment. In order to keep eye on changing trends in susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas sp. and to modify therapeutic choices, a retrospective study was carried out. Samples for culture and sensitivity testing were screened for presence of Pseudomonas sp. Resistance/susceptibility of isolates was tested against 12 drugs.

The highest percentage (67%) of isolates was from females in comparison to males (33%). The frequency of Escherichia coli was the highest (62%) in culture-positive urine samples, followed by E. faecalis (15%), Candida (14%), Pseudomonas (6%), Klebsiella spp. (1%), Proteus (1%), and Staphylococcus aureus (1%). E. coli was highly resistant to antimicrobial drugs, viz. cephalexin (95%), cephradine (95%), pipemidic acid (92%), amikacin (91%), and nalidixic acid (91%).

Bacteremia is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. For early diagnosis of bacteremia; prior use of antibiotics, suboptimal volume of blood sample and improper microbiological techniques are strongly condemned. In time-diagnosis of bacteremia can reduce the antibiotic resistance, hospital stay and cost to the treatment.

Among the Bacillus, Bacillus vallismortis (JQ990307) isolated from mango was the most competent producer of PG; producing up to 4.4 U/μL. Amongst Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (JQ990314) isolated from oranges was the most competent PG producer equivalent to B. vallismortis (JQ990307). To determine genetic diversity of different strains of Pseudomonas and Bacillus varying in PG production, fingerprinting was done on the basis of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) or microsatellites.

The drug resistant Acinetobacter strains are important causes of nosocomial infections that are difficult to control and treat. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter strains isolated from different clinical specimens obtained from patients belonging to different age groups

To the best of our knowledge, Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) bacteremia has never been documented in Pakistan. This case report is the first reported case of bacteremia in an infant due to NOVC in Pakistan. A neonate was admitted to a hospital with fever and no history of diarrhea. The isolate was identified biochemically and serologically and was sensitive to all the drugs tested as per CLSI 2014 guidelines.

Of the230 specimens, 161(70%) were positive for Enterococcus faecalis. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis-mediated urinary tract infections was 120(74.53%) in females and 41(25.46%) in males. Age-wise distribution of urinary tract infections among female patients was 41(34.16%) in >65 years age group. In males, the prevalence in the same age group was 19(46.34%). Besides, 145(90.09%) strains of Enterococcus faecalis exhibited resistance to gentamicin, 140(86.95%) to norfloxacin.

With the advancement of medicine and surgery, various types of medical devices have become part of treatment strategies. Escherichia coli and MRSA are major pathogens of medical device-related infections.

The behavior of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from central venous catheterrelated infection was evaluated to determine its biofilm potential, antimicrobial resistance, and adhesion genes